Assessing the effects of the space environment on technological systems frequently relies on a detailed mathematical calculation of the physical processes involved. QinetiQ has been involved in using and developing such simulation tools for many years. The knowledge embodied in these simulations comes from the realm of space and materials research. We have played a particular role in drawing such knowledge together to produce practical tools for space environment interactions that can be used by space engineers. In simulating electrostatic charging effects, QinetiQ has developed two engineering codes for the assessment of charging hazards.
EQUIPOT is directed at surface charging and calculates the equilibrium potential of a simple sphere for a given material and electron spectrum. The charging calculation includes secondary electron emission, backscatter, photo-emission and conduction. This tool allows one to rapidly assess the effects of changes in material properties and in the environment and can help in deciding whether a detailed geometrical analysis is required.
DICTAT is a 1-d internal charging code. It uses rapid analytical equations to determine electron transport through radiation shielding and other materials in order to calculate the current deposited in insulators. By realistically modelling the leakages currents and their dependence on electric field, dose-rate and temperature, the electric field within insulators can be determined. This is used to assess the threat of electrostatic discharge.
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